No.013 債務不履行事由 event of default

●債務不履行事由

Events of Default are, of course, selected for each transaction. Common events of default include:

1. Failure to perform an obligation.
2. Failure to pay monies when due.
3. Failure to maintain a certain status (membership, financial condition, etc.).
4. Breach or inaccuracy of a representation or warranty.
5. Bankruptcy and similar insolvency-related condition and proceedings (although these are generally unenforceable if the contacting party is the subject of a bankruptcy case).
6. Default under another agreement.
7. General insecurity of the other party.

The contract can make the occurrence of an event of default an automatic default under the contract entitling the non-defaulting party to exercise its remedies, or it may require the non-defaulting party to give notice that the event of default has occurred and "declare" a default.


債務不履行事由は、各取引によって選択されます。一般的な債務不履行事由は次に挙げるものがあります。

1. 義務を果たさないこと
2. 期日に金銭の支払をしないこと
3. ある特定の状況を維持できなくなったこと（会員の地位、財務状況など）
4. 表明もしくは保証の不履行あるいは不完全
5. 破綻、破綻状態に類する状況、それらの手続進行中であること（但し、相手方が破綻手続の対象となっていれば一般的に法律行為を及ぼすことができませんが→下記USC Sec.362条項参照）
6. 別の契約において債務不履行が生じたとき（＊クロスデフォルト）
7. 相手方の一般的な信用不安

契約書は、これらの債務不履行自由の発生を記載することにより、債務不履行をしていない側を法的救済し、賠償請求できる権利を与えることができます。また、その契約書は、債務不履行の旨を通知し、宣言することを要求しているかもしれません。

George W. Kuney
"The Elements of Contract Drafting" P.87-88

●追記（UScode条文掲載）
U.S.C Sec.362(a) prohibiting taking action against a debtor or debtor's propwety after a bankruptcy case is commerced and the order for relief is entered.

-HEAD-
Sec. 362. Automatic stay

-STATUTE-
(a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, a
petition filed under section 301, 302, or 303 of this title, or an
application filed under section 5(a)(3) of the Securities Investor
Protection Act of 1970, operates as a stay, applicable to all
entities, of -
(1) the commencement or continuation, including the issuance or
employment of process, of a judicial, administrative, or other
action or proceeding against the debtor that was or could have
been commenced before the commencement of the case under this
title, or to recover a claim against the debtor that arose before
the commencement of the case under this title;
(2) the enforcement, against the debtor or against property of
the estate, of a judgment obtained before the commencement of the
case under this title;
(3) any act to obtain possession of property of the estate or
of property from the estate or to exercise control over property
of the estate;
(4) any act to create, perfect, or enforce any lien against
property of the estate;
(5) any act to create, perfect, or enforce against property of
the debtor any lien to the extent that such lien secures a claim
that arose before the commencement of the case under this title;
(6) any act to collect, assess, or recover a claim against the
debtor that arose before the commencement of the case under this
title;
(7) the setoff of any debt owing to the debtor that arose
before the commencement of the case under this title against any
claim against the debtor; and
(8) the commencement or continuation of a proceeding before the
United States Tax Court concerning the debtor.

●契約書ＷＥＢ